Research
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Three Large-scale and Influential Scientific Researches
Sunscreens Cause Coral Bleaching by Promoting Viral Infections
Scientific Research in 2008
4 experimental fields — Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Red Sea
8 scientists and researchers
Supported by European Union
4 Harmful Ingredients defined —
1) Oxybenzone
2) Butylparaben
3) Octinoxate
4) 4-methylbenzylidine camphor
Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination
Scientific Research in 2015
2 experimental fields — Hawaii and U.S. Virgin Islands
14 scientists and researchers
Supported by Israel Science Foundation & U.S. National Park Service
13 Harmful Ingredients defined —
1) Any form of microplastic sphere or beads
2) Any nanoparticles like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide
3) Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3, BP-3)
4) Octinoxate (Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate
Octyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC))
5) 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC)
6) Octocrylene
7) Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
8) Methylparaben
9) Ethylparaben
10) Propylparaben
11) Butylparaben
12) Benzylparaben
13) Triclosan
Sunscreen Pollution Analysis
Scientific Research in 2017
1 experimental field — Jellyfish Lake
6 scientists and researchers
Supported by Coral Reef Research Foundation
11 Harmful Ingredients defined —
1) Oxybenzone (BP3)
2) Octyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC)
3) Octocrylene (OC)
4) 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor (4MBC)
5) Triclosan
6) Methyl paraben
7) Ethyl paraben
8) Propyl paraben
9) Butyl paraben
10) Benzyl paraben
11) Phenoxyethano
SUMMARY
Total 14 ingredients are listed by these 3 scientific researches, and 4 ingredients are all listed by these 3 scientific researches —
Oxybenzone, Butylparaben, Octinoxate and 4-methylbenzylidine camphor
